Liquid Staking and U.S. Securities Law: What the August 2025 SEC Guidance Means
- Insights & News
- August 12, 2025
Liquid Staking and U.S. Securities Law: What the August 2025 SEC Guidance Means
On August 5, 2025, the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance issued a staff statement on liquid staking. In short: when structured in a limited, “receipt-style” way, liquid staking activities and the issuance/trading of the receipt tokens are not, by themselves, offers or sales of “securities” that must be registered—unless the setup involves an investment contract (see Howey) layered on top.
Liquid staking lets you stake crypto through a third-party service and receive a separate “receipt” token in return. That token tracks your staked assets and the rewards they earn, and you can trade or use the token elsewhere without waiting to unstake. Think: you deposit 10 ETH with a provider, you get 10 “staked-ETH” receipt tokens back; rewards accrue and fees/slashing are reflected in that receipt over time.
According to the Division’s view, you’re generally on the non-security side when the arrangement looks like this:
- The provider’s role is administrative/technical (holding assets, facilitating staking, issuing/redeeming the receipt tokens), not entrepreneurial or managerial in a way that drives profit expectations.
- Rewards (and any slashing losses) flow programmatically to the staked assets; the provider does not guarantee returns or “set” rewards (beyond deducting a stated fee).
- The receipt token simply evidences ownership of the deposited crypto and associated rewards (subject to any unbonding period) and can be redeemed back for the underlying.
If those conditions hold, the activity does not meet the “investment contract” test’s “efforts of others” prong under Howey, so it’s outside securities-offer/sale treatment. However, even small design choices can flip the analysis. Red flags include:
- Profit promises or guarantees by the provider, revenue-sharing from provider operations, or “we’ll get you X%” marketing.
- Managerial discretion that goes beyond ministerial tasks (e.g., provider actively timing/allocating staking to pursue yield; complex strategies where investor profits depend on the provider’s ongoing judgment).
- Receipt token economics that look less like a mere claim on your deposited crypto and more like a separate profit-seeking instrument.
- Bundling the liquid staking with other schemes that create reliance on the provider’s efforts.
Legal Lens
Under U.S. law, something that isn’t listed as a security can still be treated as one if it’s an “investment contract.” Courts apply the Howey test: is there (i) an investment of money, (ii) in a common enterprise, (iii) with a reasonable expectation of profits (iv) to be derived from the entrepreneurial or managerial efforts of others? The analysis is about economic reality, not labels. If investors are mainly relying on a promoter’s ongoing judgment or special efforts to make money, that points toward a security. If profits simply flow from how a blockchain protocol itself distributes rewards (with no special profit-making management by the provider), that points away from a security.
The Division explained that a liquid staking receipt token is simply proof that you own the staked crypto and any rewards the protocol generates. In this model, the provider’s job is limited to routine tasks—holding the assets, running the staking process, and issuing or redeeming the receipts. Because the provider isn’t promising returns or making profit-driven decisions on your behalf, the setup doesn’t meet the Howey test’s requirement that profits come from the “efforts of others.” On the same day, commissioners reacted differently: one praised the clarity and compared the structure to traditional deposit-and-receipt systems, while another warned that even small changes in product design could alter the legal outcome.
For providers, the safe path is to keep the service operational and transparent: make clear that rewards (and any slashing losses) are generated by the protocol, not by the provider’s special strategies; disclose fees plainly; and structure the receipt token so it is a straight-through claim on the underlying stake and rewards, redeemable per the protocol’s rules. Marketing should avoid “we will deliver X%” promises or language implying active yield-hunting or discretionary profit management.
For investors, remember that a staff statement isn’t a statute or rule: it’s influential guidance, not binding law, and design details still matter. If a program layers on guaranteed yields, complex revenue-sharing, or heavy provider discretion that investors rely on, the analysis can tilt back toward a security—with registration or exemption, disclosure, and other obligations potentially in play. Building policies, offering documents, and contracts that reflect the Division’s framework—and revisiting them as products evolve—will help keep liquid staking in the “receipt-style” lane described by the SEC.
Why Liquid Staking Matters for Businesses and Investors?
This SEC’s staff statement on liquid staking is important because it reduces uncertainty around one of the fastest-growing areas of digital assets. In a typical liquid staking setup, users deposit their crypto with a provider and receive a transferable “receipt” token that reflects both the deposited assets and the rewards earned from the protocol. The staff confirmed that, when designed in this narrow “receipt-style” way, the arrangement does not, by itself, amount to a securities offering.
For businesses, this opens the door to building products and partnerships—whether in custody, collateralization, or integration with other platforms—without automatically triggering securities-registration requirements. For investors, it provides reassurance that these receipt tokens, when kept within the SEC’s described framework, can be used for liquidity and collateral without carrying the legal baggage of being treated as securities. That said, this is staff guidance, not a binding rule, and the details of product design remain critical.
The core message is simple: if the provider’s role is limited to operational tasks—holding the assets, performing the staking, issuing and redeeming the receipts—and the rewards or losses flow directly from the blockchain protocol itself, then the receipt token is not treated as a security. This position is consistent with earlier SEC comments on protocol staking. At the same time, commissioners emphasized caution: small design changes could quickly alter the legal analysis.
There are, however, clear warning signs. Promising or targeting specific returns based on the provider’s own strategies, taking on discretionary yield-seeking that investors rely on, designing tokens that function as separate profit instruments, or bundling liquid staking with revenue-sharing or similar schemes—all of these can shift the arrangement into the realm of an “investment contract” under the Howey test. That, in turn, would trigger securities-law requirements such as registration or reliance on an exemption, along with disclosure duties.
For providers, the practical path is to design products that stay firmly within the “receipt-style” lane. That means spelling out in plain terms that rewards (and any penalties) come directly from the protocol, describing fees and unbonding mechanics clearly, and avoiding any marketing that suggests guaranteed or provider-driven returns. Contracts should focus on custody, minting and redemption, and risk allocation, without granting broad discretion that could later be seen as profit management.
For investors and platforms considering these tokens, due diligence is essential. Go beyond the whitepaper and confirm that the provider’s actual practices remain administrative, and that the receipt tokens truly function as claims on the staked assets and their protocol rewards.
Both providers and investors should remember that this is only staff guidance, and it can change. Commissioners have already warned that even small product tweaks could shift the legal analysis. That makes regular monitoring and legal review essential. By building simple compliance checks into product development, businesses can innovate confidently without accidentally turning a liquid staking service into something regulators might view as a securities offering.

Keeping Liquid Staking on the Right Side of the Law
- When you’re structuring liquid staking, the details matter. A receipt token that simply tracks deposited assets and protocol rewards can be a useful tool for liquidity and growth—but small design choices can change the legal analysis. We help you build models that stay compliant while still meeting business needs, from token mechanics to custody terms and disclosure language
- Our team has worked with fintech platforms, custodians, and investor groups to clarify how securities law applies in practice, draft agreements that keep provider roles operational rather than profit-driven, and advise on the risks of yield marketing or design tweaks. If you’re weighing features or planning investor outreach, we’ll explain the trade-offs clearly and help you avoid missteps
- Because the regulatory landscape continues to evolve, we monitor SEC commentary and industry practice closely. That means you gain a partner who not only understands today’s framework but also helps you build governance and compliance checkpoints into product development—so your innovation remains on steady legal ground